1. Mary Shelley – Frankenstein (1818)
Widely considered the first modern science fiction novel, Frankenstein was groundbreaking for its time. Written when Shelley was just 20, the book continues to spark academic debate and cultural reinterpretation. It’s been praised by the British Library and Oxford University Press for introducing new ethical and philosophical dimensions to fiction, and Shelley is now seen as one of the founding figures of speculative literature.
2. Virginia Woolf – To the Lighthouse (1927)
Lauded for its stream-of-consciousness style and introspective brilliance, Woolf’s To the Lighthouse is a hallmark of literary modernism. It was ranked among the 100 best English-language novels by Modern Library and praised by The New York Times for its "emotional subtlety and stylistic experimentation." Woolf remains one of the most influential feminist voices in literature.
3. Zora Neale Hurston – Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937)
Initially overlooked, Hurston’s novel later gained prominence thanks to a revival led by Alice Walker in the 1970s. Today, it's considered a cornerstone of African-American literature. It’s been named one of Time’s 100 Best English-Language Novels and is frequently cited in academic syllabi and cultural studies for its rich use of Black vernacular and its portrayal of Black womanhood.
4. Toni Morrison – Beloved (1987)
Winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1988 and ranked as the best American novel published in the last 25 years by The New York Times Book Review in 2006, Beloved is a haunting exploration of slavery’s legacy. Morrison later received the Nobel Prize in Literature (1993), becoming the first African-American woman to do so. The book has become required reading in both high schools and universities worldwide.
5. Margaret Atwood – The Handmaid’s Tale (1985)
Winner of the Arthur C. Clarke Award and a finalist for the Booker Prize, Atwood’s dystopian novel remains a chilling commentary on gender and authoritarianism. The book’s 2017 television adaptation won multiple Emmy Awards and reignited interest in Atwood’s vision, cementing her status as a leading voice in both feminist and speculative fiction.
6. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie – Half of a Yellow Sun (2006)
Winner of the Women’s Prize for Fiction (formerly the Orange Prize), this novel about the Biafran War brought global attention to Nigerian history through a deeply personal lens. Adichie was later named one of TIME magazine’s 100 Most Influential People, and her TED Talk “We Should All Be Feminists” has been cited in classrooms and popular culture globally.
7. Sylvia Plath – The Bell Jar (1963)
Published under a pseudonym initially, The Bell Jar has become a touchstone in feminist and psychological literature. Though controversial upon release, it is now widely studied and praised for its honest depiction of mental illness and female autonomy. Plath posthumously received the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1982 for her collected poems.
8. Elena Ferrante – My Brilliant Friend (2011)
Part of the Neapolitan Quartet, this novel was an international bestseller and named one of the New York Times 10 Best Books of the Year. Ferrante was shortlisted for the Man Booker International Prize, and the HBO adaptation brought her complex portrayal of female friendship to a wider audience. Critics have praised her for her raw emotional realism and literary finesse.
9. Louisa May Alcott – Little Women (1868)
Though often seen as a domestic novel, Little Women challenged 19th-century norms about women’s independence, ambition, and creativity. It remains one of the most enduring works in American literature and has been adapted into multiple films and television series, with the 2019 version receiving Academy Award nominations. Alcott is celebrated as a literary trailblazer who carved space for young women’s voices.
10. Maya Angelou – I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1969)
This groundbreaking memoir broke silence around trauma, racism, and resilience. The book was nominated for a National Book Award, and Angelou later received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama in 2011. Her voice remains a pillar in American letters, admired by critics, educators, and fellow writers alike.
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